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APNIC Document identity

 Title:    Policies for Address Space Management in the Asia
           Pacific Region
 
 Short title:			  add-manage-policy
 Document ref:  		  APNIC-076
 Version:   			  001
 Date of original publication:    1 January 2000
 Date of this version:   	  1 January 2000
 Review scheduled:  		  n/a                
 Obsoletes: 			  n/a
 Status:  			  Obsolete
 Comments:  			  Obsoleted by APNIC-086
--------------------------------------------------------------------


   Policies for Address Space Management in the Asia Pacific Region


 
	About this document

	This document Policies for Address Space Management in the 
	Asia Pacific Region represents current APNIC practices and 
	policies, which have not previously been codified in a single 
	document. It is the result of several rounds of public comment 
	and revision and has been approved by the Executive Council.

	Please note that this document does not seek to set out detailed 
	policies in relation to membership of APNIC or issues specific 
	to confederations. However, APNIC does intend that this document 
	will provide a foundation upon which other, more specific, 
	documents can be based.
 
 

     
     1. Introduction

     2. Scope

     3. Hierarchy of address space distribution

     4. Definitions

     4.1. Internet Registry (IR)

     4.1.1. Regional Internet Registry (RIR)

     4.1.2. National Internet Registry (NIR)

     4.1.3. Local Internet Registry (LIR)

     4.2. APNIC members

     4.3. Allocated and Assigned address space

     4.3.1. Allocated

     4.3.2. Assigned

     5. Goals of address space management

     5.1. Goals

     5.1.1. Uniqueness

     5.1.2. Registration

     5.1.3. Aggregation

     5.1.4. Conservation

     5.1.5. Fairness

     5.2. Conflict of goals

     6. Policy environment

     6.1. Routability not guaranteed

     6.2. Unpredictable growth rates

     6.3. Collective responsibility

     6.3.1. Appropriate customer agreements

     6.3.2. Good faith

     6.4. Impartiality

     6.5. Varying levels of expertise

     6.6. IP addresses not to be considered property

     6.7. Stockpiling discouraged

     6.8. Evaluations to be based on efficient technologies

     6.9. Minimum practical allocations

     6.10. Documentation

     6.11. Confidentiality

     7. Policies for allocations and assignments

     7.1. IRs to adopt consistent address space management policies

     7.2. Address space lease

     7.3. Processing of requests dependent on correct documentation

     7.4. Security and confidentiality

     7.4.1. Individual responsibility to apply security procedures

     7.5. Equitable processing of requests

     7.6. General requirements for allocations

     7.7. Slow start mechanism for first allocations

     7.7.1. Exceptions to slow start

     7.8. Criteria for subsequent allocations

     7.8.1. No guarantee of contiguous allocations

     7.9. Assignment window for LIRs

     7.10. Prior allocations to be used first

     7.10.1. Special circumstances - large assignments

     7.11. Reservations not supported

     7.12. Address portability discouraged

     7.12.1. Source of PI assignments

     7.13. Renumbering to promote aggregation

     7.14. Private address space

     7.15. Assignment usage estimates

     7.16. Organisations seeking address space from multiple IRs

     7.17. Registration requirements

     7.17.1. Updating registration details

     7.17.2. Registering contact persons

     7.18. Responsibility to maintain in-addr.arpa records

     7.19. Validity of allocations and assignments

     7.20. Transfer of address space

     7.21. Mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers of LIRs

     7.21.1. Updating registration details

     7.21.2. Effect on membership agreement

     7.21.3. Consequences for allocations

     7.22. Closure of members

     8. Specific cases

     8.1. Static assignments

     8.1.1. Static dialup connections

     8.1.2. Cable networks

     8.1.3. Virtual hosts

     8.2. IP unnumbered

     9. Autonomous System Numbers

1. Introduction

     The Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) is the
     non-profit Regional Internet Registry that operates in the Asia
     Pacific region under the authority of the Internet Assigned
     Numbers Authority (IANA). As such, it is the organisation
     responsible for distributing public Internet address space and
     related resources in the Asia Pacific region and for developing
     and implementing policies to manage that distribution.

     The policies described in this document have been developed by
     the Internet community of the Asia Pacific region through a
     consensus process facilitated by APNIC. They are to be
     implemented by APNIC and by the National Internet Registries and
     the Local Internet Registries throughout the region. Internet
     Registries operate in a self-regulating environment and the aim
     of these policies is to provide a clear framework for the
     continued existence of that environment.

2. Scope

     This document describes policies for the responsible management
     of global IPv4 public address space in the Asia Pacific region.
     Specifically, this document focuses on the goals, assumptions,
     and policies relating to the allocation and assignment of address
     space. Previously, address space was allocated by classes (such
     as 'class A', 'class B', 'class C'). However, since the
     introduction of Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
     technologies, address space has been allocated by prefixes (such
     as '/19' and '/21'). This document deals only with issues of
     classless (CIDR) addressing.

     This document does not set out the full conditions of APNIC
     membership, nor does it examine address management policies of
     other Regional Registries. It does not describe specific
     addressing policies related to IPv6, Multicast, or Private
     Address Space.

3. Hierarchy of address space distribution

     IP addresses are distributed in accordance with the hierarchical
     structure described in RFC2050 (originally described in RFC
     1466), represented simply in fig.1.

          [Figure 1: Diagram of distribution hierarchy]


       fig.1                +--------+
                            |  IANA  |
                            +--------+
                                 |
         +-----------+-----------+...........+.............+
         |           |           |           :             :
    +--------+  +--------+  +--------+  +..........+  +..........+
    |  ARIN  |  |RIPE NCC|  |  APNIC |  :  Potential future RIRs : 
    +--------+  +--------+  +--------+  +..........+  +..........+
                                 |
                  +--------------+-------------+
                  |                            |
              +------+                         |
              |  NIR |                         | National Internet Registries
              +------+                         |
                  |                            | 
           +------+--+------+                  |
           |         |      |                  | Local Internet Registries
       +------+      |      |              +------+ 
       | LIR  |      |      |              | LIR  | 
       +------+      |      |              +------+ 
           |         |      |                  |
     +-----+         |      |            +-----+-----+
     |     |         |      |            |           |
 +------+  |     +------+   |        +------+        | Internet Service
 | ISP  |  |     | ISP  |   |        | ISP  |        |    Providers
 +------+  |     +------+   |        +------+        |
     |     |         |      |            |           |
  +----+ +----+   +----+  +----+      +----+      +----+  End-users
  | EU | | EU |   | EU |  | EU |      | EU |      | EU |
  +----+ +----+   +----+  +----+      +----+      +----+

     In this hierarchy, IANA allocates address space to APNIC, to be
     redistributed throughout the Asia Pacific region. APNIC allocates
     address space to Internet Registries (IRs) and also delegates to
     them the authority to make assignments and allocations. IRs
     allocate and assign address space to their members and customers
     under the guidance of APNIC and in accordance with the policies
     and procedures described in this document.

4. Definitions

     The following terms and their definitions are of particular
     importance to the understanding of the goals, environment, and
     policies described in this document.

4.1. Internet Registry (IR)

     An Internet Registry (IR) is an organisation that is responsible
     for distributing IP address space to its members or customers and
     for registering those distributions. IRs are classified according
     to their primary function and territorial scope within the
     hierarchical structure depicted in fig.1 above.

     In this document, references to IRs shall be taken to include
     APNIC and other Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), National
     Internet Registries (NIRs), and Local Internet Registries (LIRs),
     unless the specific context of the reference requires otherwise.

4.1.1. Regional Internet Registry (RIR)

     Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) were established under the
     authority of IANA to serve and represent large geographical
     regions. The primary role of RIRs is to manage and distribute
     public Internet address space within their respective regions.
     Currently, there are three RIRs: APNIC, RIPE NCC, and ARIN.
     Additional RIRs may be established in the future, but it is
     expected that the total number of RIRs will remain relatively
     small.

4.1.2. National Internet Registry (NIR)

     A National Internet Registry (NIR) is an IR that primarily
     allocates address space to its members or constituents, which are
     generally Internet Service Providers (ISPs) organised at a
     national level. In performing their registry function, NIRs are
     expected to apply their policies and procedures fairly and
     equitably to all members of their constituency.

     The policies in this document should be taken as applying to
     NIRs; however, this document does not describe the entire roles
     and responsibilities of NIRs with respect to their formal
     relationship with APNIC. Such roles and responsibilities will be
     fully described in a National Internet Registry and Confederation
     Policy document and reflected in relevant membership agreements.

4.1.3. Local Internet Registry (LIR)

     A Local Internet Registry (LIR) is an IR that primarily assigns
     address space to the users of the network services that it
     provides. LIRs are generally ISPs; their customers are other ISPs
     and possibly end-users. LIRs may be members of APNIC or members
     of NIRs.

4.2. APNIC members

     For the purposes of this document, the term APNIC members shall
     refer to those holding current membership agreements with APNIC
     and also to financial customers of APNIC who may, under certain
     circumstances, receive services from APNIC without being formal
     members of APNIC.

4.3. Allocated and Assigned address space

     For the purposes of understanding APNIC address space policies,
     it is important to make a clear distinction between the terms
     allocated and assigned.

4.3.1. Allocated

     Allocated address space is address space that is distributed to
     IRs for the purpose of subsequent distribution by them.

4.3.2. Assigned

     Assigned address space is address space that is distributed to a
     single end-user for the purpose of actual deployment in that
     end-user's own network. Address space is also designated as
     assigned if the IR uses it for the purposes of addressing their
     own network or applies it to a pool from which assignments are
     made dynamically as connections are established. Assignments are
     made for specific, documented purposes and should not be
     sub-allocated or sub-assigned.

5. Goals of address space management
5.1. Goals

     The goals described here have been formulated by the Internet
     community and reflect the mutual interest of all members of that
     community in ensuring that the Internet is able to function and
     grow to the maximum extent possible.

     It is APNIC's primary duty, as a custodian of a public resource,
     to ensure that these goals are met within the Asia Pacific
     region. APNIC should do this by providing guidance and leadership
     in developing and implementing responsible policies and
     practices.

     It is the responsibility of every NIR and LIR to also ensure that
     these goals are met within their respective regions and
     communities.

5.1.1. Uniqueness

     Every assignment and/or allocation of address space must
     guarantee uniqueness worldwide. This is an absolute requirement
     for ensuring that every public host on the Internet can be
     uniquely identified.

5.1.2. Registration

     Every assignment and allocation of public Internet address space
     must be registered in a publicly accessible registry. This is
     necessary to ensure uniqueness and to provide information for
     Internet trouble shooting at all levels. It also reflects the
     expectation of the Internet community that all custodians of
     public resources, such as public address space, should be
     identifiable.

5.1.3. Aggregation

     Wherever possible, address space should be distributed in a
     hierarchical manner, according to the topology of network
     infrastructure. This is necessary to permit the aggregation of
     routing information and limit the expansion of Internet routing
     tables.

5.1.4. Conservation

     To maximize the lifetime of the public Internet address space
     resource, addresses must be distributed according to actual need
     and on the basis of immediate use. Therefore, stockpiling of
     address space and maintaining reservations must, in general, be
     avoided.

     Conservation also implies efficiency. Therefore, all users of
     address space should adopt techniques such as Variable Length
     Subnet Masking (VLSM) and appropriate technologies that ensure
     the address space is not used wastefully.

5.1.5. Fairness

     All policies and practices relating to the use of public address
     space should apply fairly and equitably to all existing and
     potential members of the Internet community, regardless of their
     location, nationality, size, or any other factor.

5.2. Conflict of goals

     The goals of conservation and aggregation often conflict with
     each other. Moreover, some or all of the goals may occasionally
     be in conflict with the interests of individual IRs or end-users.
     Therefore, IRs evaluating requests for allocations and
     assignments must carefully analyse all relevant considerations
     and must seek to balance the needs of the applicant with the
     needs of the Internet community as a whole. The policies
     described in this document are intended to help IRs balance these
     needs in consistent and equitable ways. Full documentation of and
     transparency within the decision making process must also be
     maintained in order to achieve this result.

6. Policy environment

     Apart from the goals described in Section 5, other factors such
     as the expectations of the Internet community, the current
     administrative structures, and technological constraints all form
     an operating environment that shapes APNIC policies. Changes in
     the environment may occur quickly or in unpredictable ways. An
     important role for APNIC, on behalf of its members, is to monitor
     any changes to this environment and communicate any implications
     those changes may have on APNIC policy. This Section describes
     the factors in the current operating environment that have been
     most important in determining current APNIC policies.

6.1. Routability not guaranteed

     APNIC recognises that the routability of address space can never
     be guaranteed. Specifically, in order to reduce the number of
     globally advertised routes, transit providers worldwide implement
     route filtering policies based on prefix length, with the result
     that non-provider-based assignments are least likely to be
     routable across the Internet. Therefore, APNIC policy should
     encourage those seeking address space to request it from upstream
     providers rather than from APNIC directly.

6.2. Unpredictable growth rates

     Early strategies for distributing address space did not
     anticipate the explosive growth of the Internet and the
     consequent problems of scale that arose both in the amount of
     address space available and the routing of that address space.
     APNIC recognises that policies and procedures for the management
     of address space should take account of past experience and seek
     to maximise scalability of the Internet in the future.

6.3. Collective responsibility

     APNIC recognises that it shares with its members and their
     customers a collective responsibility to ensure a manageable and
     scalable growth of the Internet. APNIC recognises that it must,
     through a process of consultation with its members and the
     broader Internet community develop policies and practices for
     address space management and make decisions consistent with the
     goals described in Section 5.

6.3.1. Appropriate customer agreements

     APNIC recognises that in order to ensure that the policies
     described in this document are applied consistently throughout
     the region by both members and non-members, IRs may need to
     implement appropriate agreements with their members and
     customers.

6.3.2. Good faith

     APNIC recognises that its relationships with its members should
     be based on an implicit trust that the information, network
     plans, and other documentation provided by IRs and their
     customers are genuine and accurate.

6.4. Impartiality

     APNIC represents the interests of the Internet community in
     general and the Internet community of the Asia Pacific region in
     particular. As such it will apply its policies fairly and
     equitably with respect to all APNIC members, without regard to
     the size or geographic location of the organisation, or any other
     factor.

6.5. Varying levels of expertise

     APNIC recognises that staff of IRs and end users will have
     varying levels of experience and expertise. APNIC will implement
     policies which, although applied equally to all its members, will
     allow for levels of assistance and monitoring appropriate to each
     member. This assistance and monitoring is intended to ensure a
     consistent approach to address space management throughout the AP
     Internet community.

6.6. IP addresses not to be considered property

     APNIC recognises that it is contrary to the stated goals and is
     not in the interests of the Internet community as a whole for
     address space to be considered freehold property. APNIC policies
     will reflect this recognition and encourage all members of the
     Internet community to regard address space as a scarce, public
     resource that should only be distributed responsibly and
     according to demonstrated need.

     More specifically, as portability of address space is detrimental
     to the goals of aggregation and efficiency, APNIC policies should
     require IRs to provide services to members and customers based on
     the understanding that address space is leased rather than owned.

6.7. Stockpiling discouraged

     APNIC recognises that stockpiling of addresses is detrimental to
     the goals of conservation and fairness. APNIC policies should
     discourage stockpiling and encourage efficient deployment of
     address space on the basis of immediate demonstrated need.

6.8. Evaluations to be based on efficient technologies

     APNIC asserts that if appropriate technologies exist to allow the
     efficient, hierarchical distribution of address space in
     particular situations, then users of that space should adopt
     those technologies in accordance with current best practice.
     Organisations that are not planning to use the most efficient
     technologies must provide justification based on genuine
     infrastructure considerations. APNIC policies reflect that issues
     of administrative convenience are not sufficient to justify the
     use of inefficient technologies. However, APNIC policies also
     acknowledge that factors such as the scale and complexity of
     networks and the need for operational stability can justifiably
     delay the deployment of such technologies.

     APNIC will cooperate with its members and the broader Internet
     community to define and develop current best practice
     recommendations relating to Internet addressing technologies and
     techniques.

6.9. Minimum practical allocations

     APNIC recognises that the goals of aggregation and conservation
     will often conflict and, as a consequence, it will be necessary
     to set a minimum practical size for address space allocations.
     Evolving technological and administrative conditions mean that
     this minimum practical size may be altered from time to time. The
     current minimum practical allocation is a /20 (4,096 addresses).

6.10. Documentation

     APNIC recognises that in order to properly evaluate requests, an
     IR must carefully examine all relevant documentation relating to
     the networks in question. Such documentation may include network
     engineering plans, subnetting plans, descriptions of network
     topology, and descriptions of network routing plans. All
     documentation should conform to a consistent standard and any
     estimates and predictions that are documented must be realistic
     and justifiable.

6.11. Confidentiality

     APNIC recognises that IRs must receive and analyse information
     about the activities of organisations and individuals seeking
     address space and that such information may be highly
     confidential in nature. Therefore, APNIC will operate in ways
     that reflect the trust implicit in its position by applying and
     enforcing procedures that protect the commercially sensitive
     information of its members and their customers.

7. Policies for allocations and assignments

     As was emphasised in Section 1, APNIC policies emerge from the
     consensus of the Internet community of the entire Asia Pacific
     region. APNIC's role is to identify and disseminate these
     policies. APNIC does not seek to dictate policy decisions to its
     members, but rather to provide a model for consistent and
     responsible practice throughout the region.

7.1. IRs to adopt consistent address space management policies

     All NIRs and LIRs that receive address space either directly or
     indirectly from APNIC shall adopt allocation and assignment
     policies which are consistent with the policies formulated by the
     Internet community of the Asia Pacific region, as described in
     this document.

     In particular, NIRs shall, wherever possible, apply slow start,
     assignment window, and second opinion policies to their own
     members in a manner consistent with APNIC's application of such
     policies to its members. Furthermore, all NIRs and LIRs shall
     ensure that address space for which they are responsible shall
     only be allocated or assigned subject to agreements consistent
     with the lease provisions of section 7.2.

7.2. Address space lease

     APNIC will allocate Internet resources on a 'lease' basis, with
     such leases to be of specific limited duration (normally one
     year).

     The conditions of all leases will be set out in the APNIC
     membership agreements and other relevant APNIC documentation and
     will be consistent with the applicable APNIC policies relating to
     resource allocations and assignments at the time of entering or
     renewing the lease.

     Leases to organisations shall be renewable on the conditions that
     (a) the original basis of the allocation remains valid and (b)
     that registration requirements relating to that allocation have
     been fulfilled at the time of renewal.

     When a lease is renewed, the new lease will be governed by the
     applicable resource allocation policies and lease renewal
     policies at the time of renewal, provided that a minimum notice
     period of one year is given of any substantial changes to the
     conditions of the current lease.

     All substantial changes to lease conditions shall be subject to
     the consensus of APNIC members. Furthermore, such changes to the
     conditions of current leases shall be subject to a defined
     minimum period of notice (normally one year), except in
     exceptional circumstances recognised by a consensus of APNIC
     members.

     Individual leases shall only be subject to review if the relevant
     IR has reason to believe that the existing lease terms are no
     longer being complied with. IRs may implement their own
     procedures for the review of existing leases as they see fit.

7.3. Processing of requests dependent on correct documentation

     APNIC will only process requests that have been completely and
     properly documented. If the documentation contains errors or
     omissions, APNIC will advise the applicant as soon as possible.
     APNIC may also request further information or clarification of
     relevant issues that are not made clear in the initial
     documentation. APNIC will then proceed to process the request as
     soon as the errors and omissions have been rectified or APNIC's
     questions have been answered.

     APNIC will make all reasonable efforts to maintain a consistent
     and reliable level of service with respect to processing of
     requests.

7.4. Security and confidentiality

     APNIC will maintain systems and practices that protect the
     confidentiality of all information relating to the commercial and
     infrastructure operations of all members and their customers.
     APNIC will ensure that the employment of all of its staff or
     agents is based upon an explicit condition of confidentiality
     regarding such information.

7.4.1. Individual responsibility to apply security procedures

     APNIC provides for authorisation and verification mechanisms
     within the whois database; however, it is the responsibility of
     each IR or end-user to ensure that they take advantage of such
     mechanisms.

7.5. Equitable processing of requests

     APNIC will deal with all requests strictly in the order in which
     it receives the proper documentation. Because all members are to
     be treated equitably, regardless of geography, size, or any other
     consideration, APNIC will not in any circumstance provide for
     special treatment or make exceptions to the standard order of
     request processing.

     APNIC will seek to process all requests within a consistent time
     and will maintain a request ticketing system to assist with the
     efficient management of requests.

7.6. General requirements for allocations

     Notwithstanding the more specific provisions of Sections 7.7 and
     7.8, all requests to APNIC for allocations of address space must
     be supported by documentation that describes the network
     infrastructure of the IR making the request, any address space
     currently held by that IR, previous assignments made by that IR,
     and the intended usage of the address space requested.

7.7. Slow start mechanism for first allocations

     Subject to Section 7.7.1, APNIC and NIRs shall apply a slow start
     mechanism to all new LIRs. With respect to allocations made by
     APNIC, the first allocation an LIR receives will be the size of
     the minimum practical allocation described in Section 6.9. With
     respect to allocations made by NIRs the size of the first
     allocation an LIR receives shall be at the discretion of the NIR,
     provided it is no greater than APNIC's minimum practical
     allocation.

     The slow start policy is used by all regional registries to
     prevent allocations of large blocks of address space that may
     then remain substantially unassigned. APNIC and NIRs shall
     implement the slow start mechanism in a consistent and fair
     manner for every LIR, and will apply the same principles and
     standards to every applicant for address space.

7.7.1. Exceptions to slow start

     In exceptional circumstances, an LIR may receive a greater
     initial allocation if it can provide sufficiently detailed
     substantiating documentation showing that its immediate need for
     network addresses exceeds the standard slow start allocation.
     Such documentation may include (but is not limited to) receipts
     for purchase of equipment, purchase orders, or signed project
     contracts indicating the immediate network requirements to be met
     by the LIR.

7.8. Criteria for subsequent allocations

     After the first allocation to an LIR, all subsequent allocations
     will depend on evaluation of the LIR's verified usage rate, their
     documented plans for address space, and their degree of
     compliance with APNIC policies with respect to relevant past
     allocations. (The LIR's 'verified usage rate' is the rate at
     which the LIR made assignments from relevant past allocations).

     Having evaluated these criteria, APNIC and NIRs shall seek to
     allocate enough address space to enable the LIR to meet all of
     its assignment needs for up to one year before needing to make
     further requests.

7.8.1. No guarantee of contiguous allocations

     APNIC will attempt to make subsequent allocations contiguous with
     previous allocations; however, because it cannot reserve address
     space, APNIC cannot guarantee that contiguous allocations will be
     possible in any case.

7.9. Assignment window for LIRs

     In order to assist LIRs to become familiar and comply with APNIC
     policies and the goals stated in Section 5, APNIC and NIRs shall
     apply a mechanism called the assignment window.

     The assignment window refers to the maximum number of addresses
     that an LIR may assign to an end-user without first seeking a
     'second opinion'. If an LIR wishes to make an assignment that
     exceeds its assignment window, the LIR must first submit to APNIC
     or the relevant NIR a second opinion request before proceeding
     with the assignment.

     All LIRs that are new members of APNIC or an NIR shall start with
     an assignment window of zero, meaning all proposed assignments
     must first be approved. APNIC or the relevant NIR will regularly
     assess the proficiency of LIR staff in making assignments and
     seeking second opinions and will review the size of the
     assignment window accordingly. As the proficiency of the LIR
     staff increases, the size of their assignment window may be
     raised.

     The maximum assignment window given to any LIR will be a /19
     (8,192 addresses).

     If, due to the training of new staff or other relevant
     circumstances, the proficiency of LIR staff should not meet the
     standards required by APNIC policies, then APNIC or the relevant
     NIR may temporarily reduce the assignment window of the LIR.

7.10. Prior allocations to be used first

     An LIR shall not be eligible to receive a further allocation
     unless at least eighty percent of the total address space from
     all allocations held by that LIR is currently assigned.

7.10.1. Special circumstances - large assignments

     If less than eighty percent of the total address space from all
     allocations held by an LIR is currently assigned, but the LIR
     needs to make a single assignment that is larger than the amount
     of space remaining, then it may request a further allocation from
     the relevant NIR or APNIC.

7.11. Reservations not supported

     When an LIR wants to assign address space for customers, it must
     make the assignments from any address space it currently holds.
     For the purposes evaluating allocation requests, space reserved
     by an LIR for other customers shall be regarded as unassigned
     address space.

7.12. Address portability discouraged

     APNIC makes all allocations as Provider Aggregatable (PA), on the
     understanding that assignments should be made on a lease basis.
     In the interests of the goal of aggregation, APNIC policy
     requires LIRs to enter into agreements with their customers
     specifying that the end-user will hold those assignments only for
     so long as the end-user remains a customer of that LIR.

     PA assignments require that if the end-user changes service
     providers they should return the space assigned to them by the
     first LIR, obtain an assignment from the new LIR and renumber
     into that LIR's address block.

     APNIC policy recognises that there will be cases where Provider
     Independent (PI), or portable, address space may be appropriate,
     however all requests for PI address space should be justifiable
     on strong technological rather than administrative grounds.

7.12.1. Source of PI assignments

     Only APNIC is authorised to make PI assignments. Organisations
     with a justified need for PI assignments may either request their
     relevant NIR or LIR to obtain address space from APNIC on their
     behalf or seek the address space directly from APNIC themselves.

7.13. Renumbering to promote aggregation

     IRs should take all reasonable steps to encourage end-users who
     hold multiple non-aggregated prefixes to return those addresses
     so that they may be replaced with addresses from a single,
     aggregatable prefix of PA address space. In circumstances where
     end-users are reluctant to make these arrangements, APNIC
     recognises that gains in aggregation justify additional
     incentives. Therefore, APNIC may reduce the requirement to
     document the efficiency of existing assignments and the usage
     rates for replacement of addresses on a one-to-one basis. This is
     referred to as the 'No questions asked policy' and should be used
     as a last resort only. Nothing in this section reduces the
     requirement to ensure that all allocation and asignments are to
     be made on the lease basis described in section 7.2.

7.14. Private address space

     APNIC encourages the use of private address space for addressing
     networks that will either be operated behind a firewall or not be
     connected to the Internet.

7.15. Assignment usage estimates

     Requests for assignments must be supported by usage estimates
     based on immediate and projected future need. These requests must
     be documented to a standard that provides a high degree of
     confidence in the estimates. The estimates should made for the
     following periods: immediately, within one year, within two
     years. APNIC recommends that, as a general guideline,
     organisations should base their assignment requests on the
     assumption that 25 percent of the address space will be used
     immediately and 50 percent used within one year.

     The end-user must exhibit a high level of confidence in its one
     year usage estimate and must supply documentation to justify that
     level of confidence. If it is not possible for the end-user to
     estimate confidently what the two year usage rate will be, then
     APNIC or the NIR may make an allocation that will be sufficient
     for the one year needs only.

7.16. Organisations seeking address space from multiple IRs

     APNIC requires that organisations obtain their address space from
     only one IR at a time. In the event that an organisation is
     requesting address space from multiple IRs, then the organisation
     making the request must declare all the address space it
     currently holds, regardless of the source of the assignment.
     Furthermore, organisations making concurrent requests to more
     than one IR must declare the details of all of those requests.

     APNIC recognises, however, that in certain circumstances (for
     example, where an organisation is multi-homed) strong technical
     reasons will make it appropriate for an organisation to receive
     address space from more than one provider.

     For the purposes of this section, a parent organisation and its
     subsidiaries will generally be considered to be a single
     organisation. Exceptions may arise in cases where the parts of
     the organisation are separate legal entities, maintain fully
     independent network infrastructures and are routed under
     different autonomous system numbers, or can otherwise demonstrate
     a justified need to obtain address space from more than one IR.

7.17. Registration requirements

     At the time of making allocations or assignments, IRs must
     properly register in the APNIC whois database every allocation
     and assignment of address space they make. The information in the
     database is necessary for Internet trouble shooting and provides
     for a level of accountability and transparency that is of benefit
     to the entire Internet community.

7.17.1. Updating registration details

     IRs must update the whois database when any of the registration
     information changes. This is the responsibility of the IR
     concerned, but may be formally delegated to the end-user as a
     condition of the original assignment.

7.17.2. Registering contact persons

     Registration of contact persons is a vital part of responsible
     address space management. Unless exceptional circumstances
     require otherwise, the administrative contact ('admin-c') must be
     someone who is physically located at the site of the network. The
     technical contact ('tech-c') need not be physically located at
     the site of the network, but must be the person who is
     responsible for the day-to-day operation of the network.

7.18. Responsibility to maintain in-addr.arpa records

     LIRs should maintain in-addr.arpa resource records for their
     customers' networks. If a network is not specifically associated
     with an LIR then the in-addra.arpa records should be maintained
     by the appropriate NIR or by APNIC as the case may be.

7.19. Validity of allocations and assignments

     An allocation or assignment of address space is valid only while
     the original criteria on which the allocation or assignment was
     based continue to be valid. If an allocation or assignment is
     made for a specific purpose and the purpose no longer exists,
     then the allocation or assignment is no longer valid. If it is
     based on information that is found to be false or incomplete,
     then the allocation or assignment shall become invalid and the
     addresses should be returned to the appropriate IR.

7.20. Transfer of address space

     Subject to the more specific provisions of Section 7.21, APNIC
     policy does not recognise the sale or unauthorised transfer of
     address space and will consider all such transfers to be invalid.
     APNIC will require organisations holding such transfers to return
     them to the appropriate IR.

7.21. Mergers, acquisitions and takeovers of LIRs
7.21.1. Updating registration details

     If an LIR changes ownership (due to a merger, sale, or takeover),
     then the new entity must register any changes to its network
     usage and contact personnel. If the effect of a takeover, sale,
     or merger is that the LIR changes name, then the LIR must provide
     to APNIC relevant legal documentation supporting the name change.

7.21.2. Effect on membership agreement

     If an LIR changes ownership then the new entity should advise
     APNIC of the change. APNIC membership is not transferable from
     one entity to another; however, if following a change in
     ownership, the LIR becomes a subsidiary of another entity and the
     infrastructures of the respective entities remain fully
     independent, then the membership agreement may continue.

7.21.3. Consequences for allocations

     Following a merger, sale, or takeover of an LIR, APNIC will
     review the status of any allocations that are held by the new
     entity or entities. In doing this, APNIC will also have regard to
     the practical effect on the infrastructures of the entities
     involved.

     If the practical effect of the merger, sale, or takeover is that
     the infrastructures of the two LIRs are merged, then APNIC will
     not continue to make separate allocations to both. This situation
     will invalidate the membership agreement of the LIR that is
     effectively subsumed.

     In all such cases, when assessing the status of allocations,
     APNIC will require full disclosure of all address space held by
     all of the LIRs in question. If such disclosure is not made, then
     those allocations will be considered invalid and APNIC will
     require that they be returned.

7.22. Closure of members

     If a member of APNIC ceases to function as an IR, all of its
     unassigned address space should be returned to APNIC.
     Furthermore, it is the responsibility of the member (or any
     liquidator or administrator appointed to wind up the member's
     business) to advise all of its customers of the closure and
     encourage them to make arrangements to renumber into address
     space from a new LIR. The new LIR should then notify the IR of
     the new arrangements so that the previous assignment can be
     returned to the pool of unassigned address space.

8. Specific cases

     The policies described in this section relate to specific types
     of allocations and assignments and are based on current best
     practice relating to the deployment of modern technologies.

8.1. Static assignments

     APNIC policy strongly discourages the static assignment of one IP
     address per service. All plans for future static assignments
     should be justified on specific, detailed technological grounds.
     Issues of administrative convenience will not be sufficient to
     justify such assignments; however, in evaluating such requests,
     APNIC will have regard to the applicability of current best
     practices to the network in question.

8.1.1. Static dialup connections

     APNIC policy strongly discourages assignments based on the use of
     static dialup methods. End-users planning such assignments must
     first investigate whether it is technically feasible to use
     dynamic assignment technologies, which make most such assignments
     unnecessary.

8.1.2. Cable networks

     An exception to this policy may apply to cable-based
     infrastructures. APNIC policy recognises that although dynamic
     technologies such as DHCP can be employed, the high availability
     demanded by consumers means that often no significant saving of
     IP addresses will result.

8.1.3. Virtual hosts

     Recent developments in some protocols (for example HTTP 1.1) have
     eliminated the need for one-to-one mapping of virtual hosts.
     APNIC policy strongly encourages any organisation considering the
     use of virtual hosts to implement systems that are compatible
     with current versions of these protocols.

8.2. IP unnumbered

     APNIC policy encourages the use of IP unnumbered for customers
     who are singly-homed, statically-routed, and have compatible
     routers and software. This configuration allows IP processing on
     a serial interface without the need to assign an explicit IP
     address for point-to-point links. Not only does this meet the
     conservation goal, but on an operational level it helps to
     minimise size of the interior routing table and, therefore,
     assists in scaleable network growth.

9. Autonomous System Numbers

     Autonomous System (AS) numbers are assigned to organisations that
     are multi-homed and have a single, clearly defined routing policy
     that is different from their providers' routing policies.

     AS numbers should be requested in accordance with the guidelines
     expressed in RFC 1930 Guidelines for the creation, selection and
     registration of an Autonomous System.
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                  �1999, APNIC Pty. Ltd. All Rights reserved.
                     
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